C Basics

• History of C
• Characteristics of C
• C Program Structure
• Variables
    Defining Global Variables
    Printing Out and Inputting Variables
• Constants
• Arithmetic Operations
• Comparison Operations
• Logical Operators
• Order of Precedence

Conditionals

• Conditionals
• The if statement
• The? Operator
• The switch Statement

Looping and Iteration

• The for statement
• The while statement
• The do-while statement
• Break and continue

Arrays and Strings

• Defining, initializing and using arrays
• Single and Multi-dimensional Arrays
• Arrays of Characters and Strings
• Arrays and pointers
• Strings

Functions

• Role of Functions
• Passing arguments to functions
• Returning values from functions
• Recursive functions
• Call back functions
• Implications on Stack
• Pass by value / reference
• Passing Arrays to functions

String Handling : <string.h>

• Basic String handling functions
• String Searching
• Character Conversions and testing : <ctype.h>
• Memory Operations: <memory.h>

Structures and Unions

• Structures
• Nested Structures
• Array of Structures
• Allocation of memory and holes
• Unions

Further Data Types

• Coercion or Type-Casting
• Enumerated Types
• Static Variables

Dynamic Memory Allocation & Dynamic Structures

• Malloc, Sized, and Free
• Calloc and Realloc

Advanced Pointer Topics

• The purpose of pointers
• Defining pointers
• The & and * Operators
• Pointer Assignment
• Pointers with functions
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Advanced pointer types
• Pointers to functions
• Pointers to String
• Pointers and Dynamic memory
• Pointers and Structures
• Common Pointer Pitfalls
    Not assigning a pointer to memory address before using it
    Illegal indirection

Storage Classes

• Scope
• Internal
• External
• Automatic
• Static
• Scope and extent of parameters

Low Level Operators and Bit Fields

• Bitwise Operators
• Bit Fields
     Bit Fields: Practical Example
    A note of Caution: Portability

The C Processor

• #define
• #undef
• #include
• #if – conditional inclusion
• Preprocessor Compiler Control
• Other Preprocessor Commands

Integer Functions, Random Number

• String Conversion : <stdlib.h>
• Arithmetic Functions
• Random Numbers
• String Conversion

Mathematics: <math.h>

• Math Functions
• Math Constants

Input and Output (I/O) : <stdio.h>

• Reporting Errors
    perror()
    errno
    exit()
• Streams
    Predefined Streams
    Redirection
• Basic I/O
  Formatted I/O
    Printf
• Scanf
• Files
    Reading and writing files
• Sprintf and sscanf
    Stream Status Enquiries

Data Structures

• Linked Lists
• Stacks & Queues
• Binary Tree

Sorting & Searching Techniques

• Insertion Sort
• Merge Sort
• Quick Sort

Writing Larger Programs

• Header Files
• Advantages of Using Several Files
• How to Divide a Program between Several Files
• Organization of Data in each file
• The Make Utility
• Make Programming
• Creating a make file
• Make Macros