C with Data Structures

C Basics

• History of C
• Characteristics of C
• C Program Structure
• Variables
    Defining Global Variables
    Printing Out and Inputting Variables
• Constants
• Arithmetic Operations
• Comparison Operations
• Logical Operators
• Order of Precedence

Conditionals

• Conditionals
• The if statement
• The? Operator
• The switch Statement

Looping and Iteration

• The for statement
• The while statement
• The do-while statement
• Break and continue

  Arrays and Strings

• Defining, initializing and using arrays
• Single and Multi-dimensional Arrays
• Arrays of Characters and Strings
• Arrays and pointers
• Strings

  Functions

• Role of Functions
• Passing arguments to functions
• Returning values from functions
• Recursive functions
• Call back functions
• Implications on Stack
• Pass by value / reference
• Passing Arrays to functions

  String Handling : <string.h>

• Basic String handling functions
• String Searching
• Character Conversions and testing : <ctype.h>
• Memory Operations: <memory.h>

  Structures and Unions

• Structures
• Nested Structures
• Array of Structures
• Allocation of memory and holes
• Unions

  Further Data Types

• Coercion or Type-Casting
• Enumerated Types
• Static Variables

Dynamic Memory Allocation & Dynamic Structures

• Malloc, Sized, and Free
• Calloc and Realloc

Advanced Pointer Topics

• The purpose of pointers
• Defining pointers
• The & and * Operators
• Pointer Assignment
• Pointers with functions
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Advanced pointer types
• Pointers to functions
• Pointers to String
• Pointers and Dynamic memory
• Pointers and Structures
• Common Pointer Pitfalls
    Not assigning a pointer to memory address before using it
    Illegal indirection

Storage Classes

• Scope
• Internal
• External
• Automatic
• Static
• Scope and extent of parameters

Low Level Operators and Bit Fields

• Bitwise Operators
• Bit Fields
  Bit Fields: Practical Example
  A note of Caution: Portability

The C Processor

• #define
• #undef
• #include
• #if – conditional inclusion
• Preprocessor Compiler Control
• Other Preprocessor Commands

  Integer Functions, Random Number

• String Conversion : <stdlib.h>
• Arithmetic Functions
• Random Numbers
• String Conversion

 Mathematics: <math.h>

• Math Functions
• Math Constants

  Input and Output (I/O) : <stdio.h>

• Reporting Errors
    perror()
    errno
    exit()
• Streams
    Predefined Streams
    Redirection
• Basic I/O
  Formatted I/O
    Printf
• Scanf
• Files
    Reading and writing files
• Sprintf and sscanf
    Stream Status Enquiries

Data Structures

• Linked Lists
• Stacks & Queues
• Binary Tree

Sorting & Searching Techniques

• Insertion Sort
• Merge Sort
• Quick Sort

C++ Object Oriented

Object Oriented Paradigm

• OOPS…!
• Structured versus Object Oriented Development
• Elements of Object Oriented Programming
• Objects
• Classes
• Encapsulation
• Data Abstraction
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Templates
• Exception Handling

 Moving from C to C++

• Scope resolution Operator
• Variables aliases(reference variables)
• Parameters passing by References
• Inline functions
• Function Overloading
• Default Arguments

 Classes and Objects

• Introduction
• Structures and Classes
• Class specification
• Class objects
• Class, Objects and memory resources
• Accessing class members
• Defining Member Functions
• Outside member functions as inline
• Accessing member functions with in class
• Data Hiding
• Passing Objects as arguments

 Classes and Objects

• Friend Classes
• Static data members
• Static Functions

 Constructors and Destructors

• Introduction
• Need of the Constructor
• Parameterized constructor
• Constructor overloading
• Constructor with default arguments
• Name less objects
• Copy constructors
• New and delete operators
• Dynamic initialization through constructors

 Operator Overloading

• Introduction
• Over loadable operators
• Unary operator overloading
• Operator return values
• Name less Temporary Objects
• Limitations of Increment and Decrement Operators
• Binary Operator Overloading
• Overloading New and Delete Operator
• Comparison Operators
• Data Conversion
• Conversion between Datatypes
• Conversion between basic and Objects
• Conversion between Objects of different classes
• Assignment operator overloading
• Overloading with friend functions

Inheritance

• Introduction
• Derived class declaration
• Forms of inheritance
• Member Accessibility
• Constructors in derived classes
• Overloaded Member functions
• Abstract classes
• Multilevel Inheritance
• Multiple Inheritances
• Hierarchical Inheritance
• Multipath Inheritance
• Virtual Base Class
• Hybrid Inheritance

Virtual Functions & Polymorphism

• Introduction
• Need for virtual functions
• Pointers of derived class objects
• Definitions of Virtual Functions
• Pure Virtual Functions
• Dynamic Binding
• Rules For virtual functions

Templates

• Introduction
• Function Templates
• Overloaded Function Templates
• Multiple Argument Function Templates
• Class Templates
• Class Templates with overloaded operators

Exception Handling

• Introduction
• Error Handling
• Exception Handling
• Try, throw, catch
• List of Exceptions
• Specified, Unspecified exceptions
• Handling Uncaught Exceptions

Streams Computation With console

• What are streams?
• Console Streams
• Unformatted, Formatted Console O/P

 Manipulating Strings

• Creating(string) objects
• Manipulating String Objects
• Relational Operations
• String Characteristics

  Object-Oriented Systems Development

• Procedure-Oriented Development Tools
• Object-Oriented Notations and Graphs
• Steps in Object-Oriented Analysis
• Steps in Object-Oriented Design
• Implementation